The funding marks a significant flow of state and federal dollars into local police departments for immigration enforcement. The 287(g) program, created in 1996, authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to enter into agreements with state and local agencies to perform immigration functions.
DHS has pledged up to $2 billion nationwide for the program, including vehicles, equipment, and salary reimbursements, officials said [1]. The investment aims to integrate local police into the federal immigration enforcement system.
Florida and Texas lead the nation in 287(g) participation, with both states offering grants to incentivize compliance, according to the report [1]. The program provides local agencies with vehicles, equipment, and salary reimbursements from DHS.
The program was scaled back under President Barack Obama in 2012 after claims of racial profiling in its implementation [1]. "Rights at Risk" author David K. Shipler noted that fear of profiling drove national protests after Arizona passed a law in 2010 that directed police to check immigration status during any lawful contact [2]. Critics have argued the program can lead to overreach.
Under President Donald Trump, partnerships expanded from 135 to over 1,700, according to officials [1]. The growth reflects a broader strategy to enlist local law enforcement in immigration enforcement.
Sheriffs have used the funds to acquire body armor, fingerprint scanners and real-time translation devices, according to the report [1]. These purchases enhance the ability of local officers to perform immigration-related duties.
The funding provides critical financial support, allowing agencies to invest in equipment without relying solely on local taxpayer dollars, officials said [1]. The total potential DHS funding is estimated at $2 billion nationwide. Separately, the Senate has advanced a $70 billion budget blueprint for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Border Patrol through 2029 [6][7].
Fort Walton Beach Police Chief Robert Bage said the funding allows agencies to leverage cooperation for greater benefit. "In Florida, we're required to cooperate with immigration officials. So if we can leverage our cooperation and get a greater benefit out of it, we are going to take the greater benefit from leveraging our cooperation," he told the Pulse [1].
Supporters of local immigration enforcement, such as Republican sheriffs in Maryland and Ohio, have expressed support for expanded partnerships [5]. The program continues to be politically contentious. House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jim Jordan has requested information from Philadelphia officials on sanctuary policies that limit cooperation with ICE [8].
According to the report, the funding is intended to enable local police to conduct immigration enforcement and prevent large ICE deployments that could attract protesters, as seen in Minneapolis last year [1]. The approach aims to decentralize enforcement.
The program continues to expand with state and federal support. Senate Republicans have proposed a $72 billion plan to fund ICE and Border Patrol through 2029 [9]. The plan includes increased detention capacity and surveillance technology [9].